前列腺癌早期诊断的研究进展北大核心

前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)是中老年男性常见恶性肿瘤之一,目前尚缺乏有效的晚期癌症治疗方法,因此早期诊断对于降低PCa死亡率至关重要。近年来,较多研究开发出多种新型诊断方法以改善对PCa诊断的准确性,同时避免过度诊疗,但其有效性及实用性尚需进一步验证。本文对目前新型生物标志物、联合成像技术及风险预测模型等的早期诊断技术进行总结,以期为临床研究提供指导作用。     

慢性高原病脑部多体素1H-MRS研究

目的利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱成像(hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,¹H-MRS)探讨慢性高原病(chronic mountain sickness,CMS)长期缺氧状态下脑部代谢物的特点,并比较各代谢物与血液指标之间的相关性。材料与方法前瞻性纳入青海大学附属医院经临床确诊为CMS的17例男性患者作为实验组,年龄(53.29±9.03)岁,居住海拔(3989.12±937.45)m,血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)(224.35±11.81)g/mL,并招募与实验组年龄及居住海拔相匹配的18名健康男性志愿者作为对照组,年龄(48.61±8.76)岁,居住海拔(3674.94±634.27)m,HGB(156.67±9.46)g/mL。采用Siemens Prisma 3.0 T MR扫描仪20通道头颅线圈对所有受试者行常规头颅MRI及多体素;H-MRS检查,通过Syngo.via后处理软件获得;H-MRS图,ROI选取双侧额叶及海马区,并获得相应脑区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)、胆碱/肌酸CHo/Cr、乙酰天门冬氨酸/胆碱(NAA/CHo)、乳酸/肌酸(Lac/Cr)的比值。结合独立样本t检验及非参数曼-惠特尼U检验以比较两组间代谢物相对浓度差异,然后将CMS组双侧额叶及海马区各代谢物比值与血液生化指标作相关性分析。结果(1)两组受试者年龄、长期居住海拔差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与对照组相比,CMS组HGB、红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC)、血细胞比容(hematocrit,HCT)增高,血小板(blood platelet,简称PLT)减低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)与对照组相比,CMS组双侧额叶及海马区NAA/Cr及NAA/CHo均减低(P<0.05),Lac/Cr增高(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义;(3)与对照组相比,CMS组双侧额叶及双侧海马区CHo/Cr均增高(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;(4)CMS组右侧额叶及左侧海马CHo/Cr与RBC明显正相关,左侧额叶CHo/Cr与HCT低度正相关,右侧额叶及左侧海马Lac/Cr与HCT低度正相关。结论CMS长期缺氧状态下脑组织局部代谢物改变,神经元受损,无氧代谢增加,且这些代谢物的改变与血液指标呈一定的相关性,可为临床后续进一步预防或干预CMS患者脑损害提供影像学证据及监测指标。     

Estimating the Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Decreasing Number of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cases and Epidemiological Trends in China

<正>Since the first case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was detected in the United States in 1981,this disease has spread to every corner of the world.Despite the annual incidence of AIDS showing a slight decline since1997,it remains a major cause of infectious disease-related death worldwide.Unlike global epidemiological trends,the number of notified AIDS cases has increased in recent years in China^[1].     

Silencing KLF16 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis

Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, has been extensively investigated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate its related mechanism. KLF16 expression in OSCC cell lines was quantified by western blotting. Then, OECM1 and OC3 cells were divided into Blank, siCtrl, siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 groups. Subsequently, cell proliferation was detected using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometry. KLF16, p21, CDK4, Cyclin D1 and p-Rb expression was detected by western blotting. Finally, xenograft models were established in nude mice to observe the in vivo effects of KLF16 on OSCC. KLF16 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cells. Compared to the cells in the Blank group, the OECM1 and OC3 cells in the siKLF16#1 group and siKLF16#2 group exhibited a sharp decrease in proliferation but a remarkable increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase notably increased and that in the S phase decreased, with evident decreases in cell invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1 and p-Rb protein expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was downregulated. The mice in the siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 xenograft model groups exhibited slower tumour growth and smaller tumours with evident downregulation of Ki67 expression compared to the mice in the Blank group. KLF16 expression was upregulated in OSCC cells, and interfering with KLF16 led to cell cycle arrest, inhibited OSCC cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis.     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤对抑郁大鼠海马组织PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin信号通路的影响

目的:探讨柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤对抑郁大鼠海马组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK3β)/β-链环蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路的影响。方法:健康SD大鼠120只,随机取20只作为正常组,另100只大鼠用于制备慢性不可预见性温和应激(CUMS)抑郁模型。再将CUMS抑郁大鼠随机分为模型组,柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤低、中、高剂量组,氟西汀组,每组20只。柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃3.25,6.5,13 g·kg~(-1);氟西汀组灌胃盐酸氟西汀10 mg·kg~(-1);正常组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水;1次/d,共干预21 d。应用糖水偏好和强迫游泳实验评估抑郁行为,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测各组大鼠大脑海马组织中PI3K,Akt,GSK3β以及β-catenin蛋白水平及其磷酸化水平。结果:给药21 d后,与正常组比较,模型组糖水偏好显著下降(P0.01);强迫游泳不动时间显著延长(P0.01);PI3K,p-PI3K p110,p-PI3K p85蛋白水平均显著降低(P0.01);Akt,p-Akt Thr308,p-Akt Ser473,p-GSK3βSer9,β-catenin水平均显著降低(P0.01);GSK3β,p-GSK3β Tyr216水平明显升高(P0.05,P0.01)。与模型组比较,柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤中、高组大鼠糖水偏好显著增加(P0.01);强迫游泳不动时间显著缩短(P0.01);PI3K总蛋白,PI3K p110和PI3K p85亚基蛋白磷酸化水平均显著增高(P0.01);p-Akt Thr308和p-Akt Ser473水平均显著升高(P0.01);p-GSK3β Ser9,β-catenin水平显著增高(P0.01),而GSK3β,p-GSK3β Tyr216水平却明显降低(P0.05)。结论:柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤通过提高大鼠海马组织PI3K蛋白水平及活性,激活Akt,抑制GSK3β活性,阻止β-catenin降解,即提高大鼠海马组织PI3K/Akt信号通路活性,保护海马神经元。     

心脑宁胶囊治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病临床应用专家共识

本共识建立了成人动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)高危人群规范应用心脑宁胶囊以提升疗效的关键流程,概述了心脑宁胶囊的中医配伍理论、药学和药理研究特性,界定了心脑宁胶囊的精确适用人群、干预时机、病证疗效特点及优选应用方案,归纳了心脑宁胶囊的不良反应、使用禁忌、注意事项及非临床安全性等相关证据。本共识适合ASCVD相关专业领域的执业医师、执业中医医师和执业中西医结合医师使用。     

经典名方地黄饮子的古代文献考究

经典名方地黄饮子现代临床应用广泛,治疗多科疾病,尤其是内科病中的神经系统疾病较多,临床疗效确切,但目前尚未转化成中成药制剂。故笔者采用文献计量学的方法,搜集记载地黄饮子的中医古籍文献,筛选、整理出有效数据254条,涉及中医古籍144部,系统梳理和分析研究了地黄饮子的历史发展源流、主治病证、制方原理、用药剂量、制剂方法、煎服方法等,以期为经典名方的研发和临床应用提供古代文献证据支持。研究发现,地黄饮子出自金代医家刘河间所著《宣明论方》,由熟地黄、巴戟天、山茱萸、肉苁蓉、石斛、附子、五味子、官桂、白茯苓、麦门冬、藏菖蒲、远志12味药物组成,主治喑痱。后世记载的地黄饮子多遵从《宣明论方》中的方剂组成和主治,且临床应用有所扩展,在有主治病证记载的199条文献中,喑痱最多,约占总病证的一半;其次为中风,约占五分之二;亦用于暴喑、痿证、眩晕、遗尿等病证。地黄饮子治疗病证范围较广,但病机总属"肾中水火俱亏"。其制方独特,上下并治,标本兼顾,尤以治下治本为主。在有药物用量记载的56条文献中,约有三分之一继承了《宣明论方》的记载:"等分,上为末,每服3钱。"药物用量总体偏轻。制剂多为汤剂、煮散,在煎服方法上主张"浊药轻投""数滚即服""不计时候"。